Historia y evolución de los tejidos tradicionales del pueblo urarina

Environmental Science & Policy

Valuing water is gaining popularity among policymakers and academics as a new water management paradigm. However, there is a lack of clarity about how to translate this paradigm into practice. We propose a multifaceted approach to valuing water that considers not just the values that people assign to water, such as its uses and benefits, but also broader personal guiding principles (e.g., security) and governance-related values (e.g., social justice) that underpin decision-making about water. Using an interdisciplinary conceptual framework and data from a global survey among water professionals (N = 293), we provide the first empirical evidence showing how preferences among three archetypical perspectives on water management – (1) controlling water flows through engineering solutions; (2) managing water through market-based mechanisms; (3) working with natural water ecosystems – can be explained …

Donde habitan los neba es un libro que recoge los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas durante casi una década en los territorios de varias comunidades urarinas asentadas en el río Chambira y en uno de sus auentes, el río Tigrillo, en pleno corazón de uno de los complejos de humedales más importantes del planeta, el Abanico del Pastaza. Representa el trabajo multi e interdisciplinario y colaborativo llevado a cabo entre las comunidades, las federaciones locales (FEPIURCHA y FEIURCHA), la Universidad de St Andrews en el Reino Unido y el Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP. La información contenida en su interior amplía el conocimiento existente sobre este importante paisaje biocultural de nuestra Amazonía, mostrando la riqueza cultural y ecológica de los territorios urarinas y desvelando el vínculo todavía existente entre naturaleza y cultura en toda la cuenca. Un viaje …

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts

The oil and gas industry has a long history of operating in peat-forming regions in the tropics, but the extent to which peatland ecosystems are vulnerable to those operations is not well understood. This knowledge gap is concerning given the continuing drive to explore peatland areas for hydrocarbons. Here we present an analysis of the exposure of tropical peatlands to the oil and gas industry and review what is known of the peatlands' sensitivity to that exposure. We show that across the tropics, oil and gas infrastructure is more concentrated in peat-forming regions than we would expect by chance alone, which we suggest is likely due to the persistence over geological timescales of basins which can be suitable both for forming oil and gas source rocks, and for encouraging the poorly-drained conditions that support peat accumulation. Focusing on a case study from Peru, we discuss the extent to which peatlands …

Donde habitan los neba

L. os humedales y turberas son ecosistemas altamente productivos. que cumplen un rol importante en la regulación hidrológica y el almacenamiento del carbono a nivel global (Junk et al., 2013). En las turberas se almacena hasta un tercio del carbono en los suelos a nivel mundial y estos ecosistemas cubren solo el 3-4% de la superficie del planeta (UNEP, 2022). Estos ecosistemas albergan también una diversidad única de especies adaptadas a suelos temporal o permanentemente inundados, incluyendo especies endémicas, y proveen de alimentos y servicios culturales y espirituales a las comunidades locales. Por lo tanto, mantener la integridad de estos ecosistemas es importante para la regulación del clima global y la sostenibilidad de los medios de vida.

Global Environmental Politics

Recent discussion of global environmental assessment processes suggests that the process of consensus creation is central to understanding the way knowledge is produced and conclusions are reached. Here we contribute to this literature by providing a case study of the World Commission on Dams, which brought together supporters and opponents of large dams, at the height of controversy about dams in the 1990s. The Commission reviewed evidence and formulated guidelines for best practice, finding a way through a political stalemate. The article draws on interviews with those involved in the Commission and discusses the historical context, form of stakeholder representation, time horizon, and leadership style as consensus-enabling conditions. We conclude that an ambitious consensual process was successful within the life of the Commission, but at the cost of carrying external actors with it, leading …

No one is against good water governance. In fact, with economically viable supply-side options decreasing and demand management tools not always delivering desired results, water governance has emerged as perhaps the most important topic in the international water community in the twenty-first century (Rogers and Hall, 2003; UNDP, 2004; UNESCO, 2006). The 2001 Bonn International Conference on Freshwater, a precursor to the 2002 Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (Bonn, 2001), identified water governance as the first of three areas of priority action. The second World Water Development report (UNESCO, 2006) highlighted the central role of water governance in improving water resource conditions and boldly stated that “the world water crisis is a crisis of governance—not one of scarcity.” The World Bank has also recognized the importance of key governance tenets, such as …

REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) in: Dictionary of Ecological Economics Jump to Content Logo Logo Logo Logo Logo Logo Get Access or Sign In Register Browse Librarian Services Contact our Sales Department Customer Service Benefits Authentication and Remote Access Licensing Terms & Conditions MARC Records KBART Lists Indexing & Discoverability Free Trial Customer Resource Accessibility Help Academic Libraries Non-Academic Libraries Researchers & Students Products Major Annual Subject Collections Essentials Collections Handbook Collections Encyclopedia Subject Specific Collections Tailored/Pick & Choose Collections Elgar Advanced Introductions: Law Practitioner Law Collections Open Access Subjects Business & Management Economics & Finance Environment Geography, Planning & Tourism Law Political Science & Public Policy Sociology, …

Donde habitan los neba

Muchos sistemas de conocimientos tradicionales e indígenas en. todo el mundo están estrechamente vinculados con los ideales de conservación de la naturaleza, expresados, por ejemplo, en la idea de que los sitios naturales pueden ser sagrados y por lo tanto merecen ser respetados y protegidos (Hakkenberg, 2008; Verschuuren 2016). Muchas culturas también han desarrollado principios éticos que rigen la forma en que los seres humanos deben relacionarse adecuadamente con el medio natural (Chan et al., 2016).Cuando se pierde el conocimiento tradicional o indígena, a menudo se produce la degradación ecológica, al reemplazar los principios éticos y el uso sostenible de los recursos por un enfoque basado en los beneficios económicos a corto plazo (Loh y Harmon, 2014). A medida que se olvida la importancia de ciertas especies para la producción de bienes tradicionales, estas pierden valor para la población local, poniendo a la biodiversidad ya las tradiciones culturales simultáneamente en riesgo (Brosi et al., 2007).

The recently described peatlands of northern Peruvian Amazonia are relatively intact compared with peatlands elsewhere in the tropics. They make an important contribution to regional biodiversity and, by sequestering carbon, to climate change mitigation. Research to date has focused on their physical and biological aspects, but peatlands are not simply natural phenomena: they are used, valued and understood socially and culturally in profoundly different ways by different groups of people.This research project used an interdisciplinary participatory approach, working with peatland communities and stakeholders in Peru, to bring together the different perspectives needed to produce a comprehensive understanding which the natural sciences cannot achieve alone. The three central aims of the project were to 1) characterise the ecology and sociocultural values of the ecosystem types identified by local communities; 2) identify the strategies and challenges around community management of natural resources; and 3) identify opportunities for peatland conservation and maintenance of livelihoods. We worked with five peatland forest communities, three mestizo and two indigenous, in the Pastaza-Marañón Basin, which is the largest peat-forming area in lowland Peru. To address our aims we used a range of methods, both ecological (plot-based vegetation survey, measuring peat properties) and sociological (participatory mapping, interviews, focus groups).

Donde habitan los neba

La industria del petróleo y el gas ha estado presente de manera. importante en la Amazonía peruana desde la década de 1970. El registro histórico de esta industria, en términos de impactos ambientales y sociales, es variado. Por un lado, el petróleo ha sido un facilitador fundamental del desarrollo socioeconómico y el progreso tecnológico en todo el mundo. En Perú, como en muchos otros países, la extracción de petróleo y de gas trajo riqueza a una amplia gama de negocios relacionados con esta industria, a sus inversionistas, a los gobiernos regionales y al estado. El sector de los hidrocarburos ha proporcionado empleo remunerado a muchos miles de peruanos. Por otro lado, incluso antes del descubrimiento, en la década de 1980, de que el calentamiento global era un problema de escala global, existían preocupaciones de larga data sobre los impactos ambientales más locales de los derrames de petróleo y la contaminación del aire. Tanto los discursos públicos como los académicos, han expresado su malestar por las injusticias sociales que a veces acompañaron las acciones de la industria del petróleo y el gas. Las profundas consecuencias de la dependencia de la sociedad al petróleo y al gas aún están sujetas a mucha investigación y debate (ver, por ejemplo, Bridge y Le Billon, 2017 para una introducción crítica).

Understanding the value base of water decision-making: a practitioners’ guide to the Value Landscapes Approach — University of St Andrews Research Portal Skip to main navigation Skip to search Skip to main content University of St Andrews Research Portal Home University of St Andrews Research Portal Logo Help & FAQ Home Profiles Research output Datasets/Software Research units Projects Activities Impacts Prizes Press/Media Student theses Search by expertise, name or affiliation Understanding the value base of water decision-making: a practitioners’ guide to the Value Landscapes Approach Christopher Schulz, Julia Martin-Ortega, Klaus Glenk School of Geography & Sustainable Development Research output: Book/Report › Commissioned report Overview Original language English Place of Publication The Hague Publisher Valuing Water Initiative Number of pages 19 Publication status Published - …

Dam-induced displacement and resettlement — University of St Andrews Research Portal Skip to main navigation Skip to search Skip to main content University of St Andrews Research Portal Home University of St Andrews Research Portal Logo Help & FAQ Home Profiles Research output Datasets/Software Research units Projects Activities Impacts Prizes Press/Media Student theses Search by expertise, name or affiliation Dam-induced displacement and resettlement Christopher Schulz, Jamie Skinner School of Geography & Sustainable Development Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter Overview Original language English Title of host publication Human migration and natural resources Subtitle of host publication Global assessment of an adaptive complex system Editors Saleem H. Ali, Dominic Kniveton, Riyanti Djalante Place of Publication Nairobi Publisher United …

As the world pivots towards low-carbon energy generation, hydropower is once again in the spotlight. Hundreds of new dams are due to be built this decade. The hydropower industry recognises that new plants will only be viable with strong social acceptance and that benefit sharing is a way to build support. But the concept is not yet widely understood, and successful examples remain rare. Benefit sharing should be thought of as a ‘sustainability intervention’, which has additional and long-term positive impacts on project-affected people, well beyond compensation for lost assets. Increasing the social acceptance of hydropower through benefit-sharing agreements requires building long-term partnerships with resettled people, establishing appropriate institutional arrangements and investing a proportion of hydropower revenues over the long term.

Energy Research & Social Science

Globally, hydropower developers are increasingly expected to share benefits with people living in project-affected areas. Nevertheless, hydropower benefit-sharing has not found sufficiently widespread application, and the concept is not yet widely understood. The present paper aims to make the following contributions: First, we clarify the commonalities and differences between benefit-sharing, compensation and related concepts, which refer to processes in which developers transfer resources to project-affected people. We suggest that benefit-sharing can be understood as a ‘sustainability intervention’, i.e. the focus is on making an additional and positive long-term development impact, beyond replacing or marginally improving on lost assets. Further, we propose that benefit-sharing is defined by the transfer of resources and services that are 1) substantively different from those serving as compensation for lost …

Valuing water in the Ewaso Ng'iro River Basin, Kenya — University of St Andrews Research Portal Skip to main navigation Skip to search Skip to main content University of St Andrews Research Portal Home University of St Andrews Research Portal Logo Help & FAQ Home Profiles Research output Datasets/Software Research units Projects Activities Impacts Prizes Press/Media Student theses Search by expertise, name or affiliation Valuing water in the Ewaso Ng'iro River Basin, Kenya Christopher Schulz, Julia Martin-Ortega, Klaus Glenk School of Geography & Sustainable Development Research output: Book/Report › Commissioned report Overview Original language English Place of Publication The Hague Publisher Valuing Water Initiative Number of pages 20 Publication status Published - 1 Dec 2022 Access to Document Schulz et al 2022_Valuing water in the Ewaso Ng'iro River Basin, Kenya_reportFinal …

Water History

The World Commission on Dams (WCD) was active between 1998 and 2000. Despite the Commission’s short life, it left a lasting mark on the global debate on large dams, one of the most intractable and conflicted issues in environmental governance. Existing accounts of the Commission focus chiefly on its recommendations and their influence on dam planners. Another major topic of interest has been the novelty of making global environmental policy through multi-stakeholder dialogue rather than through intergovernmental negotiation. This focus on technicalities, results, and institutional design underplays the Commission’s political significance. It was a bold and innovative attempt to find common ground between promoters and opponents of dams on which a new way of thinking about and planning dams could be built. In this paper, we focus on the emergence of the Commission, in response to the evolving …

The Valuing Water Survey represents the first attempt to study links between personal values and preferences for strategic dimensions of the global water governance agenda. This presumes that there are indeed commonalities that can be found across cultures, sectors, and locally specific scenarios for water management. This is possible through consideration of a relatively broad level of values which may demonstrate that concerns and patterns of interaction around water are, in fact, rather universal. It is also worth noting that this is the first survey of its kind based on the views of professional respondents, that is, people who are actively involved in decision-making about water as part of their work (while previous surveys were based on the views of citizens).The survey measured several kinds of personal values held by respondents. 3 First, we sought to understand people’s perceptions of water values, that is, the importance that people assign to water resources. Water values are often expressed in economic, ecological, or cultural terms. All terms cover important values of water, but not everyone would prioritise them in the same way. For example, to measure water values, we included questions about uses or values of freshwater resources such as ‘basis for agricultural production’,‘places of beauty’, or as ‘habitats for aquatic animals and plants’. 4

Current Research in Environmental Sustainability

Globally, the importance of indigenous and local knowledge systems for science, policy, environmental conservation and the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples is increasingly being recognised. The Amazon region in particular is home to many indigenous peoples who have conserved their cultural traditions and knowledge, despite growing threats to the environment and traditional lifestyles and cultures. Based on insights from ethnographic research in three indigenous communities, here we present a case study on the indigenous knowledge of the Urarina people of the Chambira Basin in the Peruvian Amazon and its implications for conservation. We describe, for the first time, a series of anthropomorphic and territorial “wetland spirits”, who are associated with particular wetland ecosystems and range in character from the benign to outright aggressive. Their presence may indirectly benefit conservation of …

Renewable Energy

Private sector actors are taking on an increasingly prominent role in energy transitions, including in hydropower development and finance. Yet, there is little empirical research on the topic. This study covers private sector views on accelerating hydropower investment in Nepal, using Q methodology. Three main viewpoints were identified among 17 interviewed hydropower developers, planners, and investors based in Nepal: 1) Efforts need to be focused on reforming hydropower policies and administration at the national level; 2) Funds for hydropower development need to be increased and sought from a diversity of domestic and foreign private sources; 3) Nepal needs to integrate its energy grid with its South Asian neighbours, starting with India. Areas of strong disagreement include the role of political stability in enabling hydropower development, as well as modes of engagement with Indian, Chinese, and …