Identifying prodromal biomarkers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using magnetoencephalography

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Neuroaesthetic research has focused on neural predictive processes involved in the encounter with art stimuli or the related evaluative judgements, and it has been mainly conducted unimodally. Here, with electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography and an affective priming protocol, we investigated whether and how the neural responses to non-representational aesthetic stimuli are top-down modulated by affective representational (i.e. semantically meaningful) predictions between audition and vision. Also, the neural chronometry of affect processing of these aesthetic stimuli was investigated. We hypothesized that the early affective components of crossmodal aesthetic responses are dependent on the affective and representational predictions formed in another sensory modality resulting in differentiated brain responses, and that audition and vision indicate different processing latencies for affect. The …

Neuropsychologia

The neural underpinnings of processing concrete and abstract semantics remain poorly understood. Previous fMRI studies have shown that multimodal and amodal neural networks respond differentially to different semantic types; importantly, abstract semantics activates more left-lateralized networks, as opposed to more bilateral activity for concrete words. Due to the lack of temporal resolution, these fMRI results do not allow to easily separate language- and task-specific brain responses and to disentangle early processing stages from later post-comprehension phenomena. To tackle this, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG), a time-resolved neuroimaging technique, in combination with a task-free oddball mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm, an established approach to tracking early automatic activation of word-specific memory traces in the brain. We recorded the magnetic MMN responses in 30 healthy …

Scientific Reports

The existence of a consistent horizontal spatial-conceptual mapping for words denoting time is a well-established phenomenon. For example, words related to the past or future (e.g., yesterday/tomorrow) facilitate respective leftward/rightward attentional shifts and responses, suggesting the visual-spatial grounding of temporal semantics, at least in the native language (L1). To examine whether similar horizontal bias also accompanies access to time-related words in a second language (L2), we tested 53 Russian-English (Experiment 1) and 48 German-English (Experiment 2) bilinguals, who classified randomly presented L1 and L2 time-related words as past- or future-related using left or right response keys. The predicted spatial congruency effect was registered in all tested languages and, furthermore, was positively associated with higher L2 proficiency in Experiment 2. Our findings (1) support the notion of …

Bilingualism: Language and Cognition

This study investigates bilingualism-induced neuroplastic and cognitive-reserve effects in the Caudate Nucleus (CN), a structure believed to support both bilingual language control and domain-general executive functioning. We computed a generalized bilingualism index incorporating several dimensions of bilingual experience in a sample of bilingual young adults and tested whether this index would predict behavioral executive performance (measured using a Flanker task) and volumetric differences in the CN. Moreover, we investigated whether bilingualism mitigates the relationship between CN volume and executive performance, a sign of cognitive reserve. Our results indicate that bilingualism facilitates executive performance and induces an inverted U-shaped neuroplastic trajectory in bilateral CN, consistently with the view that structural increases are replaced by functional improvements as bilingual …

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Numerous studies have shown robust evidence of the right hemisphere’s involvement in language comprehension, for instance in the processing of intonation, grammar, prelexical processing stages, novel metaphor comprehension, etc. However, its role in lexicon acquisition remains obscure. We applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right-hemispheric homologue of Wernicke’s area to assess its putative involvement in processing different types of novel semantics. After receiving 15 min of anodal, cathodal, or sham (placebo) tDCS, three groups of healthy participants learnt novel concrete and abstract words in the context of short stories. Learning outcomes were assessed using a battery of tests immediately after this contextual learning session and 24 h later. As a result, an inhibitory effect of cathodal and facilitatory effect of anodal tDCS were found for abstract word acquisition only. We …

Brain Research

Automatic parsing of syntactic information by the human brain is a well-established phenomenon, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood. Its best-known neurophysiological reflection is early left-anterior negativity (ELAN) ERP component with two alternative hypotheses for its origin: (1) error detection, or (2) morphosyntactic prediction/priming. To test these alternatives, we conducted two experiments using a non-attend passive design with visual distraction and recorded ERPs to spoken pronoun-verb phrases and the same critical verbs presented in isolation without pronouns. The results revealed an ELAN at ∼130-220 ms for pronoun-verb gender agreement violations, confirming a high degree of automaticity in early morphosyntactic parsing. Critically, the strongest ELAN was elicited by verbs outside phrasal context, which suggests that the typical ELAN pattern is underpinned by a reduction of ERP …

Bilingualism: Language and Cognition

To better explain various neurocognitive consequences of bilingualism, recent investigations have adopted continuous measures of bilingual experience, as opposed to binary bi/monolingual distinctions. However, few studies have considered whether bilingualism's effects on cognition are modulated by the linguistic distance (LD) between L1 and L2, and none of the existing studies has examined cognitive consequences of LD in aging populations. Here, we investigated the modulatory role of LD on the relationship between bilingualism, executive performance, and cognitive reserve (CR) in a sample of senior bilinguals. Our results show a dynamic trajectory of LD effects, with more distant language pairs exerting maximum effects at initial stages of bilingual experience – and closer language pairs at advanced stages. Bilingualism-related CR effects emerged only in the individuals with closer language pairs …

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology

The functioning of language as a communication system is described by a variety of linguistic theories which are not always consistent with each other and often do not rely on cognitive and/or neurobiological data. One of the most striking examples is the “null morpheme” proposed by the theory of universal grammar, which is a concept that has only an abstract meaning as it has no phonological implementation (for example, the null ending of nouns in some cases: cf. stol-∅ (tableNOM) vs. stol-a (tableGEN). With the aim of testing the processing of null morphemes by the brain, we conducted an EEG experiment in which subjects were presented with heard phrases with null (e.g., on kupil-∅) (he bought-∅) or marked (ona kupil-a) (she boughtFEM) verb endings, with correct and incorrect gender agreement between the pronoun and the verb (e.g., on kupil-∅ (he bought-∅) vs. *ona kupil-∅ (she bought-∅, where the …

Language and Cognition

We often refer to space when we talk about time. To support this, studies show that we tend to associate the past with the left and the future with the right, space. However, there is little research that compares the spatial mapping of individual time units within the same methodological framework. Here, we used the same line-bisection paradigm to study horizontal spatial biases in various individual time units (i.e., hours, days, and months). Fifty-four adults processed temporal words and indicated their location on a horizontal line representing a time interval via a mouse click. Each word corresponded to one of the three conditions: left, right, or central position on the line. Our results show a reaction-time facilitation effect for hour and day units in congruent conditions (e.g., left semantic bias + left position on the line). Also, processing hour units shifted the response coordinates in the direction of the presumed spatial bias …

Human Physiology

The primary motor cortex takes part in various stages of language learning accompanied by human motor activity. However, previous studies of causal relationships between the activation of the primary motor cortex (M1) and the efficiency of language tasks reveal contradictory results, likely due to different learning environments and specific movement patterns required by different experimental designs. The goal of this research was to comprehensively investigate the effect of rhythmic theta-burst magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the primary motor cortex on the acquisition of new words while modulating the learning environment and the motor response during the learning process. Following rTMS of the primary motor cortex or control conditions (sham and active control rTMS), the subjects (n = 96) completed a novel word learning task, which involved associating visually presented objects with spoken word forms …

Capacity to quickly acquire new words and learn language makes us who we are—communicating human beings. With modern brain research methodologies, we can now uncover the neural mechanisms underlying this unique word learning skill. In this chapter, we specifically focus on electrophysiology of word learning, with a particular emphasis on the time course of the learning-related brain activity. We first briefly review a selection of electrophysiological responses traditionally linked to word comprehension and describe what types of processing they are considered to reflect. Then, we review studies on two distinct word acquisition strategies—implicit and explicit learning of novel words, and, finally, studies that examined learning of new morphological units. We conclude by making suggestions for further research.

Neuropsychologia

Language is a key part of human cognition, essential for our well-being at all stages of our lives. Whereas many neurocognitive abilities decline with age, for language the picture is much less clear, and how exactly speech comprehension changes with ageing is still unknown. To investigate this, we employed magnetoencephalography (MEG) and recorded neuromagnetic brain responses to auditory linguistic stimuli in healthy participants of younger and older age using a passive task-free paradigm and a range of different linguistic stimulus contrasts, which enabled us to assess neural processing of spoken language at multiple levels (lexical, semantic, morphosyntactic). Using machine learning-based classification algorithms to scrutinise intertrial phase coherence of MEG responses in cortical source space, we found that patterns of oscillatory neural activity diverged between younger and older participants across …

Journal of Cognition

According to embodied theories (including embodied, embedded, extended, enacted, situated, and grounded approaches to cognition), language representation is intrinsically linked to our interactions with the world around us, which is reflected in specific brain signatures during language processing and learning. Moving on from the original rivalry of embodied vs. amodal theories, this consensus paper addresses a series of carefully selected questions that aim at determining when and how rather than whether motor and perceptual processes are involved in language processes. We cover a wide range of research areas, from the neurophysiological signatures of embodied semantics, eg, event-related potentials and fields as well as neural oscillations, to semantic processing and semantic priming effects on concrete and abstract words, to first and second language learning and, finally, the use of virtual reality for …

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology

The development of technology has led to significant advances in applied research methods in the cognitive sciences. Eye tracking (oculography) is among the methods available for studying human behavior and its underlying cerebral mechanisms and cognitive processes and is a method for recording and analyzing oculomotor activity in real time. This review addresses the use of eye tracking in cognitive research both separately and in combination with electroencephalography, i.e., analysis of event-related potentials (ERP). Eye tracking will also be discussed in terms of its use in language research, from the study of comprehension and sentence construction to second language studies and bilingualism. Finally, the review will consider the parallel recording of eye movements and ERP. The review will draw attention not only to the strengths of the eye tracking technique, but also to studies which we believe can …

Frontiers in Psychology

Previous studies in conversational pragmatics have showed that the information people share with others heavily depends on the confidence they have in the correctness of a candidate answer. At the same time, different social contexts prompt different incentive structures, which set a higher or lower confidence criterion to determine which potential answer to report. In this study, we investigated how the different incentive structures of several types of social contexts and how different levels of knowledge affect the amount of information we are willing to share. Participants answered easy, intermediate, and difficult general-knowledge questions and decided whether they would report or withhold their selected answer in different social contexts: formal vs. informal, that could be either constrained (a context that promotes providing only responses we are certain about) or loose (with an incentive structure that maximizes providing any type of answer). Overall, our results confirmed that social contexts are associated with different incentive structures which affects memory reporting strategies. We also found that the difficulty of the questions is an important factor in conversational pragmatics. Our results highlight the relevance of studying different incentive structures of social contexts to understand the underlying processes of conversational pragmatics, and stress the importance of considering metamemory theories of memory reporting.

Scientific Reports

Neocortical structures of the left frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in particular, have been suggested to be linked to the processing of punishing and unpleasant outcomes in decision tasks. To assess the role of left MFG (lMFG) in communicative decisions, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to inhibit its function during communicational exchanges under two types of social contexts: formal and informal. Three groups of participants received an offline 1-Hz inhibitory rTMS of lMFG, right MFG as an active control site, or lMFG sham/placebo TMS as a passive control condition. Participants’ task included answering difficult general-knowledge questions, rating their confidence in their answers’ correctness, and, finally, deciding if they would report or withhold these answers in formal and informal social contexts. There were significantly more reported than withheld answers in the informal …

Genes & Cells

BACKGROUND: The development of brain neural networks that support lexico-semantic processing in children remains a poorly understood topic in neuroscience. Meanwhile, investigations in adults have provided ample evidence regarding the brain circuits underpinning the processing of abstract and concrete semantics. These studies have shown that interhemispheric asymmetry in neural responses across modal and amodal cortical areas might be an important marker that helps in distinguishing these two types of semantics, with more left-lateralized activity patterns for abstract than concrete word comprehension. However, little is known about such distinctions in children; thus, addressing this gap was the goal of this study.AIM: This study aimed to investigate age-related differences in the lateralization of neural response patterns associated with the processing of abstract and concrete semantics in children …

Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики

Two language learning strategies have been described as common in both children and adults: fast mapping (FM), which promotes learning from context, and explicit encoding (EE), which is provided through direct instruction. Pre - vious functional neuroimaging studies in adult learners have suggested differential neural mechanisms underlying these two major cognitive strategies, with some limited evidence in support of such differences also found in behavioural experiments. Nevertheless, the exact nature of these differences remains underinvestigated. Our goal was to explore putative differential effects of EE and FM strategies on the acquisition of novel words, with a focus on scrutinising the quality of recognition of newly learnt items. In two experiments, participants (total sample size = 82) learned 18 novel words presented ten times each in a word-picture association paradigm using EE and FM conditions. Learning outcomes were assessed immediately after the training using a recognition task. In both experiments, we found no differences in either the accuracy or the reaction time of word recognition between FM and EE conditions, which suggests similar behavioural efficiency of both strategies. However, we found a negative correlation between reaction time and response accuracy in recognising the words learned through EE, with no similar effects for FM, which indicates qualitative differences in underlying memory traces formed via these two acquisition modes. These results can be seen to imply that people tend to use information acquired through EE more confidently than that acquired through FM

Fiziologiâ čeloveka

The primary motor cortex takes part in various stages of language learning accompanied by human motor activity. However, previous studies of causal relationships between the activation of primary motor cortex and efficiency of language tasks reveal contradictory results, likely due to diverging learning environments and specific movement patterns required by different experimental designs. The goal of this research was to comprehensively investigate the effect of continuous theta-burst magnetic stimulation (cTBS) of the primary motor cortex on the acquisition of new words while modulating the learning environment and the motor response during the learning process. Following cTBS of the primary motor cortex or control conditions (sham and active control cTBS), the subjects (n= 96) completed a novel word learning task, which involved associating visually presented objects with spoken word forms using a …

Ранее было показано, что эффект кросс-модального соответствия возникает не только при совместной обработке простых разномодальных сенсорных стимулов, но и при их одновременном предъявлении вместе со словами, обладающими эмоциональной валентностью и пространственными коннотациями (ассоциированными с верхней или нижней частью вертикально ориентированного пространства). Целью настоящего исследования стала проверка гипотезы о возможных изменениях величины эффекта кросс-1 Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда «Роль эмоциональной регуляции в мультисенсорной интеграции вербальной и невербальной информации: психологические и психофизиологические аспекты», проект № 22-28-01020, https://rscf. ru/project/22-28-01020/. 2 Авторы благодарят ВВ Тимохова за помощь в создании экспериментальной парадигмы исследования.

European Psychiatry

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have a shortened life expectancy related to cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association of cognitive, positive, and negative symptoms with cardiometabolic dysregulations in SSD patients.MethodsOverall, 1,119 patients from the Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) study were included. Cognitive function, positive and negative symptoms were assessed at baseline, 3-year, and 6-year. Cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured at 3-year follow-up. We used linear and multinomial logistic regression models to test the association between cardiometabolic biomarkers and clinical trajectories and performed mediation analyzes, while adjusting for clinical and demographic confounders.ResultsCognitive performance was inversely associated with increased body mass index (mean difference [β], βhigh = −1.24, 95% CI = –2.28 …

European psychiatry

BackgroundAn association between sensationalized media reporting and subsequent increase in suicidal behavior has been documented, and adolescents are especially vulnerable to imitative influences. The aims of this study were to examine the characteristics of the articles reporting adult and adolescent (under age 18) suicides in the Italian press and to assess adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for responsible reporting. Methods The print versions of the three newspapers with the widest national distribution in Italy were searched for all the articles on incident suicides printed over a 7-month period (July 2022 to February 2023). Articles were examined for adherence to the WHO guidelines. Results Overall, 213 articles were identified, reporting on 122 individual suicide cases (88.5% adults and 11.5% adolescents). Of the articles, 78.9% were on adults and 21.1% on adolescents …

European Psychiatry

BackgroundThere is heterogeneity in the long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms among patients. To date, there has been little effort to inform the long-term trajectory of symptom change and the factors associated with different trajectories. Such knowledge is key to treatment decision-making in primary care, where depression is a common reason for consultation. We aimed to identify distinct long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms and explore pre-treatment characteristics associated with them.MethodsA total of 483 patients from the PsicAP clinical trial were included. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify long-term distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms, and multinomial logistic regression models to explore associations between pre-treatment characteristics and trajectories.ResultsFour trajectories were identified that best explained the observed response patterns: “recovery” (64.18 …

European Psychiatry

Background The early prediction of adolescent depression recurrence poses a significant challenge in the field. This study aims to investigate and compare the abilities of two psychopathology factors, namely the general psychopathology factor (p) and the specific internalizing factor, in predicting depression recurrence over a 2-year course, as well as identifying remitted depressed adolescents from healthy adolescents. Longitudinal changes of these two factors in different trajectory groups were also tracked to examine their sensitivity to sustained remission and relapse. Methods We included 255 baseline-remitted depressed adolescents and a healthy control group (n= 255) matched in age, sex, and race, sourced from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. The Linear Mixed Model was employed to differentiate between healthy controls and remitted depressed adolescents, predict depression …

European Psychiatry

BackgroundThere is heterogeneity in the long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms among patients. To date, there has been little effort to inform the long-term trajectory of symptom change and the factors associated with different trajectories. Such knowledge is key to treatment decision-making in primary care, where depression is a common reason for consultation. We aimed to identify distinct long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms and explore pre-treatment characteristics associated with them.MethodsA total of 483 patients from the PsicAP clinical trial were included. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify long-term distinct trajectories of depressive symptoms, and multinomial logistic regression models to explore associations between pre-treatment characteristics and trajectories.ResultsFour trajectories were identified that best explained the observed response patterns: “recovery” (64.18 …

European Psychiatry

Background: Polygenic risk scores for educational attainment (PRSEA), cognitive reserve (CR), and clinical symptoms are associated with psychosocial functioning in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying their complex interaction is yet to be explored. This study aimed to assess the mediating role of CR and clinical symptoms, both negative (NS) and positive (PS), on the interrelationship between PRSEA and functionality, one year after a FEP.Methods: A total of 162 FEP patients underwent clinical, functional, and genetic assessments. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary results, PRSEA were constructed for each individual. Two mediation models were explored. The parallel mediation model explored the relationship of PRSEA with functionality through CR and clinical symptoms, NS, and PS. The serial mediation model tested a causal chain of the three …

European psychiatry

BackgroundAn association between sensationalized media reporting and subsequent increase in suicidal behavior has been documented, and adolescents are especially vulnerable to imitative influences. The aims of this study were to examine the characteristics of the articles reporting adult and adolescent (under age 18) suicides in the Italian press and to assess adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for responsible reporting. Methods The print versions of the three newspapers with the widest national distribution in Italy were searched for all the articles on incident suicides printed over a 7-month period (July 2022 to February 2023). Articles were examined for adherence to the WHO guidelines. Results Overall, 213 articles were identified, reporting on 122 individual suicide cases (88.5% adults and 11.5% adolescents). Of the articles, 78.9% were on adults and 21.1% on adolescents …

European Psychiatry

BackgroundA short yet reliable cognitive measure is needed that separates treatment and placebo for treatment trials for Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, we aimed to shorten the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and test its use as an efficacy measure.MethodsSecondary data analysis of participant-level data from five pivotal clinical trials of donepezil compared with placebo for Alzheimer’s disease (N = 2,198). Across all five trials, cognition was appraised using the original 11-item ADAS-Cog. Statistical analysis consisted of sample characterization, item response theory (IRT) to identify an ADAS-Cog short version, and mixed models for repeated-measures analysis to examine the effect sizes of ADAS-Cog change on the original and short versions in the placebo versus donepezil groups.ResultsBased on IRT, a short ADAS-Cog was developed with seven items and two response …

European Psychiatry

BackgroundPostpartum depression affects around 12% of mothers in developed countries, with consequences for the whole family. Many women with depressive symptoms remain undetected and untreated. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent women with depressive symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum are identified by the healthcare system, the interventions they received, and remission rates at 6 months postpartum.MethodsPostpartum women scoring 12–30 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6 weeks after delivery (n = 697) were identified from the longitudinal cohort study “Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition” (BASIC) in Uppsala, Sweden. A total of 593 women were included. Background and remission information at 6 months was collected from the BASIC dataset. Medical records were examined to identify interventions received.ResultsMost women (n = 349, 58 …

European Psychiatry

IntroductionThe gut microbiome is one of our most prominent surfaces interacting with the outside world through the food we eat. It is influenced in terms of composition and diversity by our diets and life style habits and, in turn, affects us through the ‘gut-brain axis’. Cardiovascular risk, which is one of the main causes of death in Bipolar Disorder (BD), is affected by diet. The association between diet and microbiome in BD patients has not been studied.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess whether [1] dietary quality is associated with the microbiome’s diversity, and [2] what changes and interactions occur during in both the dietary quality and microbiome diversity during the subsequent year of onset BD.Methods39 recently diagnosed patients with BD of the ‘Bipolair Nederlands Cohort’ (BINCO) (mean age 36 years, 61.5% female) were included. Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and corresponding Dutch Healthy index …

European Psychiatry

Running title: Depression trajectories and baseline characteristics Long-term depressive symptom trajectories and related baseline characteristics in primary care patients: Analysis of the PsicAP clinical trial | Documentos - Universidad Complutense de Madrid Logo Logo Identifícate Grupos Investigadores/as Resultados Running title: Depression trajectories and baseline characteristics Long-term depressive symptom trajectories and related baseline characteristics in primary care patients: Analysis of the PsicAP clinical trial 1.Prieto-Vila, M. 2.González-Blanch, C. 3.Puig, FJE 4.Buckman, JEJ 5.Saunders, R. 6.Muñoz-Navarro, R. 7.Moriana, JA 8.Rodríguez-Ruiz, P. 9.Barrio-Martínez, S. 10.Carpallo-González, M. 11.Cano-Vindel, A. Revista: European Psychiatry ISSN: 1778-3585, 0924-9338 Año de publicación: 2024 Tipo: Artículo Exportar …

European Psychiatry

Background The early prediction of adolescent depression recurrence poses a significant challenge in the field. This study aims to investigate and compare the abilities of two psychopathology factors, namely the general psychopathology factor (p) and the specific internalizing factor, in predicting depression recurrence over a 2-year course, as well as identifying remitted depressed adolescents from healthy adolescents. Longitudinal changes of these two factors in different trajectory groups were also tracked to examine their sensitivity to sustained remission and relapse. Methods We included 255 baseline-remitted depressed adolescents and a healthy control group (n= 255) matched in age, sex, and race, sourced from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. The Linear Mixed Model was employed to differentiate between healthy controls and remitted depressed adolescents, predict depression …

European Psychiatry

BackgroundA short yet reliable cognitive measure is needed that separates treatment and placebo for treatment trials for Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, we aimed to shorten the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and test its use as an efficacy measure.MethodsSecondary data analysis of participant-level data from five pivotal clinical trials of donepezil compared with placebo for Alzheimer’s disease (N = 2,198). Across all five trials, cognition was appraised using the original 11-item ADAS-Cog. Statistical analysis consisted of sample characterization, item response theory (IRT) to identify an ADAS-Cog short version, and mixed models for repeated-measures analysis to examine the effect sizes of ADAS-Cog change on the original and short versions in the placebo versus donepezil groups.ResultsBased on IRT, a short ADAS-Cog was developed with seven items and two response …

European Psychiatry

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have a shortened life expectancy related to cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the association of cognitive, positive, and negative symptoms with cardiometabolic dysregulations in SSD patients.MethodsOverall, 1,119 patients from the Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP) study were included. Cognitive function, positive and negative symptoms were assessed at baseline, 3-year, and 6-year. Cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured at 3-year follow-up. We used linear and multinomial logistic regression models to test the association between cardiometabolic biomarkers and clinical trajectories and performed mediation analyzes, while adjusting for clinical and demographic confounders.ResultsCognitive performance was inversely associated with increased body mass index (mean difference [β], βhigh = −1.24, 95% CI = –2.28 …

European Psychiatry

IntroductionThe gut microbiome is one of our most prominent surfaces interacting with the outside world through the food we eat. It is influenced in terms of composition and diversity by our diets and life style habits and, in turn, affects us through the ‘gut-brain axis’. Cardiovascular risk, which is one of the main causes of death in Bipolar Disorder (BD), is affected by diet. The association between diet and microbiome in BD patients has not been studied.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess whether [1] dietary quality is associated with the microbiome’s diversity, and [2] what changes and interactions occur during in both the dietary quality and microbiome diversity during the subsequent year of onset BD.Methods39 recently diagnosed patients with BD of the ‘Bipolair Nederlands Cohort’ (BINCO) (mean age 36 years, 61.5% female) were included. Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and corresponding Dutch Healthy index …

European Psychiatry

Running title: Depression trajectories and baseline characteristics Long-term depressive symptom trajectories and related baseline characteristics in primary care patients: Analysis of the PsicAP clinical trial | Documentos - Universidad Complutense de Madrid Logo Logo Identifícate Grupos Investigadores/as Resultados Running title: Depression trajectories and baseline characteristics Long-term depressive symptom trajectories and related baseline characteristics in primary care patients: Analysis of the PsicAP clinical trial 1.Prieto-Vila, M. 2.González-Blanch, C. 3.Puig, FJE 4.Buckman, JEJ 5.Saunders, R. 6.Muñoz-Navarro, R. 7.Moriana, JA 8.Rodríguez-Ruiz, P. 9.Barrio-Martínez, S. 10.Carpallo-González, M. 11.Cano-Vindel, A. Revista: European Psychiatry ISSN: 1778-3585, 0924-9338 Año de publicación: 2024 Tipo: Artículo Exportar …

European Psychiatry

Background: One of the challenges of psychiatry is the staging of patients, especially those 22 with severe mental disorders. Therefore, we aim to develop an empirical staging model for 23 schizophrenia. 24Methods: Data were obtained from 212 stable outpatients with schizophrenia: demographic, 25 clinical, psychometric (PANSS, CAINS, CDSS, OSQ, CGI-S, PSP, MATRICS), inflammatory 26 peripheral blood markers (C-reactive protein, interleukins-1RA and 6, and platelet/lymphocyte 27 (PLR), neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), and monocyte/lymphocyte (MLR) ratios). We used 28 machine learning techniques to develop the model (genetic algorithms, support vector 29 machines) and applied a fitness function to measure the model's accuracy (% agreement 30 between patient classification of our model and the CGI-S). 31 Results: Our model includes 12 variables from 5 dimensions: 1) Psychopathology: positive …

European Psychiatry

Psychotic symptoms are relatively common in children and adolescents attending mental health services. On most occasions, their presence is not associated with a primary psychotic disorder, and their clinical significance remains understudied. No studies to date have evaluated the prevalence and clinical correlates of psychotic symptoms in children requiring inpatient mental health treatment. All children aged 6 to 12 years admitted to an inpatient children’s unit over a 9-year period were included in this naturalistic study. Diagnosis at discharge, length of admission, functional impairment, and medication use were recorded. Children with psychotic symptoms without a childhood-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder (COSS) were compared with children with COSS and children without psychotic symptoms using Chi-square and linear regressions. A total of 211 children were admitted during this period with 62.4 …

European Psychiatry

ObjectiveThere are few data on long-term neurological or cognitive outcomes in the offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aims of this study were to examine if maternal T1D increases the risk of intellectual disability (ID) in the offspring, estimate the amount of mediation through preterm birth, and examine if the association was modified by maternal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).DesignPopulation-based cohort study using population-based data from several national registries in Sweden.Setting and participantsAll offspring born alive in Sweden between the years 1998 and 2015.Main outcome measureThe risk of ID was estimated through hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (HR, 95% CI) from Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounding. Risks were also assessed in mediation analyses and in subgroups of term/preterm births, in relation to maternal HbA1c and by …

European Psychiatry

In 2021 the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), the Section of Psychiatry of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) and the European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees (EFPT) took the decisive step to formally join forces in collaborating towards the development and implementation of a European Board Exam of Psychiatry. The EPA ( https://www. europsy. net/) is the main scientific organization representing national psychiatric associations in Europe. The UEMS ( https://www. uemspsychiatry. org/) is the professional organization mandated with setting standards and educational accreditation authority within Europe. The EFPT ( https://efpt. eu/) is the organization representing the consensus of psychiatric trainee’s associations across European countries.Two reasons compel us to establish a European Board Exam of Psychiatry: firstly, to influence the learning outcomes of future psychiatric …